بررسی پراکنش سنجاب ایرانی (Sciurus anomalus) به‌عنوان یک‌گونه مهاجم در استان‌های البرز و قزوین با استفاده از مدل حداکثر آنتروپی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.301878.2639

چکیده

سنجاب ایرانی اخیراً در دامنه‌های جنوبی کوه‌های البرز ایران، به‌خصوص استان‌های قزوین و البرز به‌وفور دیده می‌شود. هجوم سنجاب‌های ایرانی سبب خسارت اقتصادی و اکولوژیک به منطقه گردیده و به یک نگرانی مهم برای عموم تبدیل‌شده است. تحقیق حاضر باهدف مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه سنجاب‌های ایرانی به‌عنوان یک‌گونه مهاجم در استان‌های البرز و قزوین و شناسایی مناطق مطلوب این‌ گونه در منطقه که هنوز سنجاب‌ها به آنجا ورود نکرده انجام‌شده است. در این مطالعه به‌منظور مدل‌سازی روند پراکنش سنجاب‌های منطقه از نرم‌افزار Maxent که از مدل حداکثر آنتروپی برای مدل‌سازی بهره می‌برد استفاده گردید. متغیرهای وابسته شامل نقاط حضور گونه سنجاب ایرانی مهاجم در منطقه است و متغیر مستقل شامل 14 متغیر محیطی متشکل از متغیرهای زیستگاهی و اقلیمی تأثیرگذار بر مطلوبیت زیستگاه گونه سنجاب ایرانی است. نتایج مدل نشان می‌دهد که متغیر کاربری اراضی (طبقات باغات منطقه، مناطق شهری و کشاورزی)، متغیر اقلیمی دامنه میانگین دمای روزانه (Bio 2) و متغیر پوشش گیاهی (طبقات کشاورزی و باغات آبی و پوشش تاج درختان) مهم‌ترین متغیرهای مؤثر بر مطلوبیت زیستگاهی گونه سنجاب ایرانی در منطقه شناسایی شدند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد باغات منطقه، مناطق شهری، کشاورزی و مناطق حساس اکولوژیکی مانند مناطق حفاظت‌شده (البرز مرکزی، باشگل، الموت) و منطقه شکار ممنوع طالقان که تاکنون سنجاب مهاجم آن جا حمله نکرده جزو زیستگاه مطلوب این‌ گونه مهاجم قرار دارد و در معرض هجوم آینده این‌گونه است. لذا نیاز به اقدامات پیشگیرانه جهت جلوگیری از خسارت جبران‌ناپذیر اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی به گونه‌های بومی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) as an invasive species in Alborz and Qazvin provinces using maximum entropy model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ghasem Pour 1
  • Jalil Imani Harsini 1
  • Mohammad Kaboli 2
  • Amir Alambaigi 3
1 Department of Environment, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Persian squirrel recently in the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains of Iran, Especially the provinces of Qazvin and Alborz are seen abundantly; the influx of Persian squirrels has caused economic and ecological damage to the region and has become a major public concern. The present study was conducted to model the future distribution of squirrels in the region and to protect desirable areas where invading squirrels have not yet entered. In this study, in order to model the distribution of squirrel infestation in the region, MaxEnt software was used, which uses the maximum entropy model for modeling. Dependent variables included the presence points of the invading Persian squirrel species in the region and the independent variable includes 14 environmental variables consisting of habitat and climatic variables affecting the habitat suitability of Persian squirrel species. The results of the model show that the variables; land use (Regional garden floors, urban and agricultural areas), mean diurnal range (Bio 2) and vegetation (irrigated farming floors and orchards and tree canopy) are the most important variables affecting the habitat suitability of squirrel species. The model output results showed, Regional gardens, urban areas, agriculture and ecologically sensitive areas such as conservation areas (Central Alborz, Bashgol, Alamut, and Taleghan no-hunting area that the invading squirrel has not attacked it is a habitat suitability for this invasive species and has been exposed to the future invasion of this species. Therefore, there is a need for preventive measures to prevent irreparable economic and ecological damage to native species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Invasive species
  • Persian squirrel
  • Habitat suitability modelling
  • Biodiversity management and conservation

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 3
آبان 1401
صفحه 1-10

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