سمیت نانوذرات نقره بر فاکتورهای رشد، زنده مانی و محتوای رنگدانه ای در جلبک Chlorella vulgaris

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دریایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.294774.2585

چکیده

نانوتکنولوژی یکی از علوم نوظهور و پیشرفته ای است که طی سال های اخیر بسیار توسعه یافته و موجب آلودگی محیط زیست شده است. لذا در این مطالعه سمیت نانو ذرات نقره بر روی جلبک سبز کلرلا Chlorella vulgaris مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سلول های جلبکی کلرلا در یک دوره زمانی 96 ساعت تحت تاثیر غلظت های 0، 0/005، 0/001، 0/05، 0/01، 0/5 و 0/1 میلی گرم بر لیتر نانو ذرات نقره قرار گرفتند و فاکتورهای رشد، زنده مانی و محتوای رنگدانه ای سلول های جلبکی بررسی شد. میزان تراکم سلولی جلبک کلرلا با افزایش غلظت نانو ذرات نقره نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش داشت و حتی در کم ترین غلظت یعنی 0/005 میلی گرم بر لیتر نقش مهارکنندگی رشد سلول ها را داشته است (0/05>p). با افزایش غلظت نانو ذرات نقره میزان زنده مانی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش یافته و در طی دوره 96 ساعته تغییری نکرده است. میزان رنگدانه کلروفیل a، b و کل در غلظت های 0/05 و 0/1 میلی گرم بر لیتر و مدت زمان 24 ساعت بیش ترین مقدار را داشتند ولی مقادیر کارتنوئید بیش ترین مقدار را در زمان 96 ساعت و غلظت 0/1 میلی گرم بر لیتر نانو ذرات نقره نشان داد. نانوذرات نقره از سمیت بالایی برای جلبک کلرلا برخوردار هستند و در صورت انتشار در محیط تولید، زنده مانی و محتوای کلروفیل ریز جلبک کلرلا به عنوان یکی از اصلی ترین تولید کنندگان اولیه در اکوسیستم های آب شیرین آسیب می بیند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on the growth, viability, and pigment content of chlorella vulgaris

نویسندگان [English]

  • Haniyeh Nikokherad 1
  • Abbas Esmaili Sari 2
  • Ali Mashinchian Moradi 1
  • Nader Bahramifar 2
  • Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi 1
1 Department of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nanotechnology is one of the emerging and advanced sciences that has been highly developed in recent years and has caused environmental pollution. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. Chlorella vulgaris cells were exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.001, 0.05, 0.01, 0.5 and 0.1 mg / l silver nanoparticles over a period of 96 hours. The results showed that the cell density of Chlorella vulgaris decreased with increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles compared to the control group and even at the lowest concentration of 0.005 mg / l caused the cell growth inhibition (p<0.05). With increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles, the survival rate decreased compared to the control group and did not change during the 96-hour period. The amount of chlorophyll a, b and total pigments in the concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg / l and the duration of 24 hours were the highest, but the values ​​of carotenoids showed the highest in 96 h and the concentration of 0.01 mg / l of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are highly toxic to Chlorella vulgaris and if silver nanoparticles are released, the production, survival and chlorophyll content of this microalgae, as one of the main primary producers in freshwater ecosystems, is damaged.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silver nanoparticles
  • Pigment content
  • Chlorella vulgaris
  • Growth factor
  • Cell viability

مراجع

  1. Yoo-iam, M., Ratcha, Ch. and Tunlawit, S., 2014. Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Silver Nanoparticles in Green Algae (Chlorella), Water Flea (Moina macrocopa), Blood Worm (Chironomus Spp.) and Silver Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus). Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability. 26(4): 257-265.
  2. Behzadi Tayemeh, M., Esmailbeigi, M., Shirdel, I., Salari Joo, H., Johari, S.A., Banan, A., Nourani, H., Mashhadi, H., Jami, M.J. and Tabarrok, M., 2020. Perturbation of Fatty Acid Composition, Pigments, and Growth Indices of Chlorella Vulgaris in Response to Silver Ions and Nanoparticles: A New Holistic Understanding of Hidden Ecotoxicological Aspect of Pollutants. Chemosphere. 238 p.
  3. Yue, Y., 2017. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Algae and Fish Cells: A Side by Side Comparison. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 15(1): 1-11.
  4. An, H.J., 2019. Comparative Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Silver Nanowires (AgNWs) on Saltwater Microcrustacean, Artemia Salina. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. 218: 62-69.
  5. Salari Joo, H., 2013. Bioaccumulation of Silver Nanoparticles in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Influence of Concentration and Salinity. Aquatic Toxicology. 140-141: 398-406.
  6. Cáceres-Saez, I., Haro, D., Blank, O., Aguayo-Lobo, A., Dougnac, C., Arredondo, C., Cappozzo, H.L. and Ribeiro Guevara, S., 2019. Stranded false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Southern South America reveal potentially dangerous silver concentrations. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 145: 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2019.05.047.
  7. Asghari, S., 2012. Toxicity of Various Silver Nanoparticles Compared to Silver Ions in Daphnia Magna. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 10: 1-11.
  8. Salari Joo, H., Kalbassi, M.R. and Johari, S.A., 2018. Hematological and Histopathological Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), How about Increase of Salinity? Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25(16): 15449-15461.
  9. Ashouri, S., 2015. Effects of Different Levels of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles on Growth Performance, Muscle Composition, Blood Biochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Status of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio). Aquaculture. 446: 25-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.04.021.
  10. Kalbassi, M.R., Salari joo, H. and Johari, S.A., 2011. Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Aquatic Ecosystems: Salinity as the Main Cause in Reducing Toxicity. 436-443.
  11. Hamed, I., Fatih, Ö., Yesim, Ö. and Joe, M.R., 2015. Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Benefits: A Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 14(4): 446-465.
  12. Bashir, Sh., Sharif, M.K., Butt, M.S. and Shahid, M., 2016. Functional Properties and Amino Acid Profile of Spirulina Platensis Protein Isolates. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B. Biological Sciences. 59(1): 12-19.
  13. Nazih, H. and Bard, J.M., 2018. Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention Microalgae in Human Health: Interest as a Functional Food. Elsevier Inc. 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00010-4.
  14. Rai, P.K., 2008. Heavy Metal Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Its Phytoremediation Using Wetland Plants: An Ecosustainable Approach. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 10(2): 133-160.
  15. Oukarroum, A. and Popovic, R., 2012. Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in Two Green Algae, Chlorella Vulgaris and Dunaliella Tertiolecta. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Inhibitory. 78: 80-85.
  16. Angel, B.M., Batley, G.E., Jarolimek, Ch.V. and Rogers, N.J., 2013. The Impact of Size on the Fate and Toxicity of Nanoparticulate Silver in Aquatic Systems. Chemosphere. 93(2): 359-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2013.04.096.
  17. Hazani, A.A., 2013. Ecotoxicity of Ag-Nanoparticles on Two Microalgae, Chlorella Vulgaris and Dunaliella Tertiolecta. Archives of Biological Sciences. 65(4): 1447-1457.
  18. Johari, S.A., GhaderSarbaz, Z. and Sourinejad, I., 2016. Toxicity Effect of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles to Marine Microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Aquatic Ecology. 6(2): 83-90. (In Persian)
  19. Akter, M., 2018. A Systematic Review on Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Cytotoxicity: Physicochemical Properties and Perspectives. Journal of Advanced Research 9: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.008.
  20.  OECD. 2011. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.
  21. Silkina, A., Bazes, A. and Mouget, J., 2012. Comparative efficiency of acroalgal extracts and booster biocides as antifouling agents to control growth of three diatom species. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 64: 2039-2046 .
  22. Akbary, P. and Gorgij, Sh., 2018. Effect of dietary Chlorella vulgarissupplementation on growth performance, feed and body chemical composition of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Journal of Animal Environment. 10(3): 153-158. (In Persian)
  23. Azarm, L., Javadzadeh, N. and Jalilzadeh, R., 2020. Investigation of Chlorella vulgaris capacity in absorption of Nitrate and Phosphate from wastewater of fish farming pool in Khuzestan Province. Journal of Animal Environment. 12(2): 291-298. (In Persian)
  24. Taneh, B., Yousozadeh, M., Hedayti, S.A.A. and Amroulahi, N., 2020. Investigation of Bio absorption of silver nanoparticle contamination by the dressina poly morpha in a long period. Journal of Animal Environment. 11(4): 331-336. (In Persian)
  25. Noori, V., Hedayati, S.A., Hosseinifar, S.H., Bagheri, T. and Khaleghi, S.R., 2020. Effect of polyphenol pre-treatment on mucus immune indices of common carp Cyprinus carpio in exposed to silver nanoparticles. Journal of Animal Environment. 12(3): 305-314. (In Persian)
  26. Kazemi, M. and Shariati, F., 2019. The Toxicity Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle on Algae Scenedesmus Dimorphus. Biological Journal of Microorganism. 8(30): 13-25. (In Persian)
  27. Miri, M. and Khandan Barani, H., 2016. Effect of copper oxide nanoparticle on growth, protein content, chlorophylls and carotenoid in (Chlorella vulgaris). Journal of Plant Research. 29(1): 235-242. (In Persian)
  28. Osório, C., Machado, S., Peixoto, J., Bessada, S., Pimentel, F.B., Alves, R.C., and Oliveira, M.B.P.P., 2020. Pigments content (Chlorophylls, fucoxanthin and phycobiliproteins) of different commercial dried algae. Separations. 7(2): 1-14.https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7020033.
  29. González-Vega, R.I., Cárdenas-López, J.L., López-Elías, J.A., Ruiz-Cruz, S., Reyes-Díaz, A., Perez-Perez, L.M., Cinco-Moroyoqui, F.J., Robles-Zepeda, R.E., Borboa-Flores, J. and Del-Toro-Sánchez, C.L., 2021. Optimization of growing conditions for pigments production from microalga Navicula incerta using response surface methodology and its antioxidant capacity. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 28(2): 1401-1416. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.076.
  30. Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi, R., Malekabadi, M.B., Rahimi, R., & Johari, S. A. (2020). Aquatic pollution caused by mercury, lead, and cadmium affects cell growth and pigment content of marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8222-5
  31. Rezayian, M., Niknam, V. and Ebrahimzadeh, H., 2019. Oxidative damage and antioxidative system in algae. Toxicology Reports. 6: 1309-1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.001.
  32. Wang, L., Wang, M., Peng, C. and Pan, J., 2013. Toxic Effects of Nano-CuO, Micro-CuO and Cu2+ on Chlorella sp. J. Environment. Protection. 4: 86-91.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 259-266

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار