مطالعه قابلیت سمیت اکوسیستمی ترکیبات شبه استروژنی در مصب رودخانه های سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

2 گروه پژوهشی اکوسیستم های طبیعی، پژوهشکده تالاب بین المللی هامون، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2022.330218.2759

چکیده

آلودگی اکوسیستم های آبی از قبیل دریاچه ها و دریاها به یک تهدید جدی و در حال گسترش برای انسان و موجودات زنده تبدیل شده است. کیفیت این اکوسیستم ها از مهم ترین عوامل تضمین کننده­ تنوع زیستی بوده و با ورود انواع آلاینده ها، اثرات مخربی بر گیاهان و موجودات زنده این منابع وارد می­ گردد. دریای خزر به دلیل تنوع زیستی و شرایط جغرافیایی ویژه از اهمیت جهانی برخوردار بوده و به دلیل تراکم بالای شهرنشینی و وجود انواع فعالیت ­های صنعتی و کشاورزی در اطراف ساحل، بررسی کیفی رودخانه ­های ورودی به این دریا، از اهمیت به سزایی برخوردار است. لذا هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی غلظت برخی ترکیبات شبه ­استروژنی در مصب رودخانه­ های ورودی دریای خزر و تعیین پتانسیل سمیت اکوسیستمی این ترکیبات بود.‌ برای سنجش غلظت آلاینده ­های شبه استروژنی نونیل­فنول (Nonylphenol, NP) و بیسفنول A (Bisphenol A, BPA)، از مصب 49 رودخانه در سواحل گلستان، مازندران و گیلان نمونه ­برداری شد. ‌پس از تعیین غلظت این ترکیبات، پتانسیل سمیت اکوسیستمی به کمک شاخص ضریب خطر (Risk quotient, RQ) محاسبه گردید. این شاخص، در سه سطح ریسک سمیت کم (0/1>RQ)­، ریسک سمیت متوسط و ریسک بالای سمیت (RQ>1) در نظر گرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر، مصب دو رودخانه­ تالش و آستارا بالاترین غلظت ترکیبات BPA و NP را دارا بودند. هم چنین رودخانه­ طلا رود، بیش ترین ریسک خطر سمیت اکولوژیکی را از نظر ترکیب BPA (برای ماهیان) دارا بود. سپس تعداد 18 رودخانه سمیت متوسط و سایر رودخانه­ ها نیز حداقل سمیت را دارا بودند. درحالی­ که، غلظت NP در تمامی رودخانه ­ها (برای ماهیان) در دسته سمیت حاد قرار گرفت. برآورد ریسک  سمیت اکولوژیکی نشان داد که این ترکیبات در رودخانه­ های مورد مطالعه، می­ توانند برای موجودات آبزی سمی بوده و فعالیت ­های کشاورزی، صنعتی و به ویژه فاضلاب شهری می­ توانند تأثیر معنی ­داری بر افزایش آلودگی رودخانه­ های مورد بررسی داشته باشند. بنابراین بایستی مدیریت بیش تری بر کیفیت این رودخانه ­ها انجام و از ورود فاضلاب تصفیه نشده به این رودخانه ها جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey the Eco toxicological potential of pseudo-estrogenic contaminants in estuaries of Iranian coasts of Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Kazemi 1
  • Sahel Pakzad Toochaei 2
1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2 Department of Natural Ecosystems, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems, including lakes and seas, has become a serious and growing threat to humans and living organisms. The quality of these ecosystems is one of the most important factors for saving the biodiversity and pollutants which can pose serious effects on plants and living organisms. The Caspian Sea is of global importance due to its biodiversity and special geographical conditions. At the same time, due to the high density of urbanization and the existence of various industrial and agricultural activities on the Iranian shores of the Caspian Sea, the qualitative study of rivers has so importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of some pseudo estrogenic compounds and their Eco toxicological risk potential in Iran’s river estuaries of Caspian Sea.  To assess the concentration of Nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in Iran’s rivers of Caspian Sea, Water samples were collected from 49 estuaries along the coasts of Gillan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. After preparation of samples in laboratory, the concentration of NP and BPA was evaluated and Eco toxicological risk assessment was measured with Risk quotion, RQ categories in three levels including low (RQ<0.1), moderate (0.1≤RQ≤1) and high risk (RQ≤1). High Eco toxicological risk for BPA (for fishes) was characterized in Tala River, 18 rivers presenting medium and other rivers performing low risk. Comparing to BPA, NP showed a greater hazard quotient for fishes. The ecological risk assessment has shown that BPA and NP pose a threat to organisms in southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. In conclusion, this study revealed that pollution sources may occurs due to agricultural, urban and industrial wastewater. Therefore, it is required to control direct flow of wastes from different activities, especially urban wastewater to restore ecological health of estuaries of Caspian Sea.

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 281-288

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