بررسی نوع و فراوانی ذرات میکروپلاستیک در نمونه های میگوی موزی (Penaeus Merguiensis) خلیج فارس (مطالعه موردی: سواحل بندرعباس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، واحد بندرعباس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بندرعباس، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2022.339106.2798

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی نوع و  فراوانی ذرات میکروپلاستیک دربافت نرم گونه ­های زیستی میگوی موزی در سواحل خلیج فارس انجام گرفت. پنج ایستگاه درامتداد سواحل غربی بندرعباس که سطوح مختلف صنعتی شدن و شهرنشینی در آن ها دیده می­ شود، انتخاب شد. یک ایستگاه نمونه برداری درساحل بندرمعلم نیز به عنوان نمونه شاهد انتخاب گردید.  مراحل آماده ­سازی و هضم نمونه­ ها جهت جداسازی ذرات میکروپلاستیک با استفاده ازروش شناورسازی، پس از جمع ­آوری و بیومتری نمونه­ های زیستی انجام شد. سپس ویژگی­ های میکروپلاستیک‌ها ازجمله شکل، رنگ، اندازه و نوع ذرات توسط میکروسکوپ و طیف ­سنج مادون ­قرمز­ تبدیل فوریه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای اطمینان از صحت سنجش و میزان بازیابی روش پیشنهادی، نمونه ­های اسپایک ماتریس تهیه و تحت همان روشی­ که برای نمونه ­های اصلی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، تجزیه­ و ­تحلیل شدند. اشکال شناسایی ­شده شامل فیبر، قطعه و فیلم بودند که میکروپلاستیک­ های فیبر و فیلم به­ ترتیب بیش ترین و کم ترین شکل شناسایی شده در گونه مورد مطالعه بود. ذرات شناسایی شده در سه دسته 25-0/45، 250-25 و 500-250 میکرو­متر طبقه­ بندی شدند که اکثر ذرات (66%) در محدوده اندازه 25-0/45 میکرومتر قرار گرفتند و دارای رنگ­ های سیاه و آبی بودند. علاوه ­بر این پلیمرهای پلی ­اتیلن، پلی­ پروپیلن، پلی­ اتیلن ­ترفتالات، پلی­ استایرن و پلی­  آمید رایج ­ترین پلیمرهای شناسایی شده بودند. میانگین فراوانی میکروپلاستیک ­ها­ در نمونه های  بررسی شده  میگوی موزی در سواحل­  غربی بندرعباس 1/23±2/57، و در ساحل بندرمعلم  1/15±1/57 ذره در گرم بود. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز همبستگی نشان دادند که بین فراوانی ذرات میکروپلاستیک در بافت نرم نمونه های زنده مورد بررسی و اندازه بدن آن­ ها (وزن و طول) همبستگی مثبتی در سطح 0/01 وجود دارد. تمامی نمونه های بررسی شده  حاوی میکروپلاستیک بودند که با توجه به این که میگوی موزی نقش مهمی در زنجیره غذایی مردم منطقه ایفا می کند، می تواند بالقوه مشکلات بهداشتی زیادی را در دراز مدت ایجاد نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of type and frequency of microplastic particles in samples of Penaeus Merguiensis in Persian Gulf (Case study: Bandar Abbas coast)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Enayati
  • Hossein Parvaresh
  • Mahnaz Kerdgari
  • Saber Ghasemi
  • Mohsen Dehghani Ghanataghestani
Department of Environmental Management, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to identify the type and frequency of microplastic particles in the soft tissue of banana shrimp species on the shores of the Persian Gulf. Five stations along the west coast of Bandar Abbas with different levels of industrialization and urbanization were selected. A sampling station on the beach of Bandar Moallem was also selected as a control sample. Preparation and digestion of samples for separation of microplastic particles using flotation method were performed after collection and biometrics of biological samples. Then the properties of microplastics such as shape, color, size and type of particles were examined by microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-FTIR. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement and the recovery rate of the proposed method, spike matrix samples were prepared and analyzed under the same method as for the original samples. The identified forms included fiber, part and film that fiber and film microplastics were the highest and lowest forms detected in the studied species, respectively. The detected particles were classified into three categories: 0.25-45, 25-250 and 250-500 micrometers. Most of the particles (66%) were in the size range of 0.45-25 micrometers and had black and blue colors. In addition, the polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyamide were the most common polymers identified. The average frequency of microplastics in the studied samples of banana shrimp on the west coast of Bandar Abbas was 2.57±1.23, and on the coast of Bandar Moallem was 1.57±1.15. The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between the frequency of microplastic particles in the soft tissue of the studied samples and their body size (weight and length) at the level of 0.01. All the samples contained microplastics, which due to the fact that banana shrimp plays an important role in the food chain of the people in this region, can potentially cause many health problems in the long run.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microplastic
  • Penaeus merguiensis
  • Persian Gulf
  • Bandar Abbas
  • Bandare Moalem

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 253-264

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