بررسی تغییرات زیستگاه پرندگان آبزی و کنار آبزی تالاب هامون در ارتباط با تغییرات منابع آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست،دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2021.294373.2578

چکیده

تالاب‌ها بوم سازگان‌های ارزشمندی برای حفظ تنوع زیستی می‌باشند که در مناطق خشک با فراهم آوردن منابع آبی از اهمیت بیش تری برخوردار هستند. در این مطالعه روند تغییرات پهنه آبی تالاب هامون در ارتباط با تغییرات وسعت زیستگاه پرندگان آبزی و کنار آبزی بررسی شد. تغییرات سطح پهنه آبی در سال‌های 1356، 1379، 1394 و 1399 با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای مشخص شد. با استفاده از روش حداکثر آنتروپی و مدل خطی-وزنی نقشه مناطق مطلوب زیستگاه پرندگان آبزی و کنارآبزی در سال‌های مورد مطالعه به دست آمد. سپس تغییرات پهنه آبی در ارتباط با تغییرات مساحت زیستگاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در سال 1356سطح پهنه آبی در حدود 321056/8 هکتار بوده است که باعث تامین 301594/9 هکتار زیستگاه برای پرندگان آبزی و کنار آبزی شده است. اما سال 1379 که به علت عدم وجود منابع آبی تالاب کاملا خشک شده زیستگاه پرندگان به طور کلی از بین رفته است. در سال‌های 1394 و 1399 اگرچه تالاب کامل آبگیری نشده و به ترتیب بخشی از تالاب در حدود 81000 و 190000 هکتار آبگیری شده اما به ترتیب باعث تامین 50000 و 83000 هکتار زیستگاه شده است. نتایج این مطالعه مناطقی که در دوران محدودیت آبگیری امکان تامین فاکتورهای زیستگاهی دارند را به صورت مکانی مشخص کرده است. نتایج به دست آمده از این مطالعه علاوه بر بیان علمی اهمیت حفظ تالاب‌ها، در تصمیم گیری‌های مدیریتی منطقه نیز کاربردی هست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of water change trends in Hamoon International Wetland and its effect on waterfowl habitats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohaddeseh Mir
  • Saeedeh Maleki
  • Vahid Rahdari
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems for biodiversity conservation that have higher importance in arid area to provide water resource. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of changes in water resources in Hamoun and its effects on the habitat of waterfowls and shorebirds. In this regard, using satellite images, the water body map has been created and the changes of water category in 1990, 2002, 2015 and 2020 have been studied. The habitat map of waterfowls and shorebirds has been obtained by Maxent during the study period. The results showed that in 1977, the water area was about 321,056.8 hectares, which has provided 301,594.9 hectares of habitat for waterfowls. But in 2002, due to the lack of water resources in the wetland completely dried up, the habitat of birds has been completely degraded. In 2015 and 2020, although the whole wetland was not flooded and part of the wetland was flooded about 81,000 and 190,000 hectares, respectively, but has provided 50,000 and 83,000 hectares of habitat, respectively. The results of this study confirmed the importance of water resources on habitats. The results of this study have spatially identified areas that can provide habitat factors during water scarcity. The results of this study, in addition to the scientific expression of the importance of wetland conservation, are also applicable in the managerial decisions of the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hamoun Wetland
  • Water resources
  • Waterbird habitat
  • Maximum Enthropy

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 231-240

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